industry-electronics.com · Technical Knowledge for B2B

Knowledge Base

Practical technical knowledge for IT and electronics professionals: explanations, comparisons, step-by-step guides and decision aids — free and ad-free.

Networking & Wi-Fi · Backup & Data Security · UPS & Power Supply · Storage & RAID · USB · Hardware & Processors

Topic Areas

» Networking & Wi-Fi	» Backup & Data Security	» UPS & Power Supply	» Storage & RAID
» USB & Connectors	» Hardware & Processors	» Server & Office	» Consulting & Shop

Topic 1

Networking & Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi basics, standards, frequencies, security, coverage planning and optimisation — from IEEE 802.11 to Wi-Fi 7. Also: fibre optics, VPN configuration and VoIP.

Complete Article Series · 6 Parts

Wi-Fi Complete Series: Basics to Optimisation

» Part 1: WLAN Basics — IEEE 802.11, topologies, frequency bands
» Part 2: Wi-Fi Standards 1–7 — OFDMA, MU-MIMO, MLO
» Part 3: Channels & Frequencies — 2.4 / 5 / 6 GHz, DFS, channel planning

» Part 4: Wi-Fi Security — WEP, WPA2, WPA3, 802.1X, RADIUS
» Part 5: Mesh, Repeaters & Powerline — extend coverage professionally
» Part 6: Wi-Fi Optimisation — interference, channel selection, diagnostics

Improving Wi-Fi Performance

Quick practical measures to boost WLAN speed and reliability.

Why LWL is often the better choice over copper for B2B networks.

What is really true about switching to All-IP? Myths debunked.

VPN via Fritz!Box (3-part guide)

Step by step: Windows 10 VPN to Fritz!Box using Shrew Soft client.

» » »

Access network drives by name — NetBIOS configuration explained.

T.38, G.711 and more: reliable fax transmission in the IP era.

Topic 2

Backup & Data Security

Backup methods, media, cloud solutions and software — the complete 7-part series, plus ransomware protection.

Complete Article Series · 7 Parts

Backup Strategy Series: From Basics to Best Practices

» Part 1: Backup Basics
» Part 2: Backup Methods — full, incremental, differential
» Part 3: Local Backup Media — HDD, SSD, Tape, NAS
» Part 4: Cloud Backup

» Part 5: Hybrid Backup Strategies
» Part 6: Backup Software — Veeam, Acronis & more
» Part 7: Backup Best Practices — 3-2-1 rule, restore testing

Stopping Ransomware

Technical and organisational measures to minimise ransomware damage.

SSL & Internal Hostnames

Why intranet names no longer receive SSL certificates — and what to do.

Topic 3

Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)

UPS fundamentals for businesses: topologies, sizing, battery maintenance and manufacturer comparison.

Complete Article Series · 6 Parts

UPS Complete Series: Basics to Manufacturer Comparison

» Part 1: UPS Basics — tasks, protection classes, form factors
» Part 2: UPS Topologies — offline, line-interactive, online
» Part 3: UPS Sizing — VA, watts, runtime calculation

» Part 4: UPS Batteries & Maintenance — VRLA, Li-Ion, lifespan
» Part 5: UPS for Servers & Networks — rack UPS, SNMP, shutdown
» Part 6: UPS Manufacturer Comparison — APC, Eaton, Effekta

Topic 4

Storage & RAID

RAID levels, hardware vs. software RAID, controller selection and server room planning.

RAID Levels Compared

RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10 and more: differences, pros and cons, deployment scenarios.

RAID Systems: Basics & Practice

Hardware vs. software RAID, controller selection, planning for the server room.

Topic 5

USB – Connectors & Standards

USB colour codes, pinout for all connector types and wire colours — compact and tabular.

USB Colour Codes Explained

White, black, blue, violet, red, yellow — which colour stands for which USB standard?

USB Pinout for All Connector Types

Type A, B, Micro-B, USB 3.x and USB-C: complete pin tables and wire colours.

Topic 6

Hardware & Processors

Intel and AMD model names decoded: generations, suffix letters, performance classes.

Generations, suffix letters, performance classes — decode Intel processor names with confidence.

AMD CPU Naming Explained

Ryzen, EPYC, Threadripper: AMD model names and generations decoded.

Topic 7

Server, Virtualisation & Office

Practical solutions for everyday IT: vSphere, Synology, Outlook, Access and Windows 10.

Cut & Paste in vSphere Client

Enable clipboard between local machine and VM — quick fix explained.

Locked out of Synology NAS

HTTPS certificate expired — here is how to get back in.

Outlook Reminders Disappeared

All Outlook reminders suddenly gone — cause and resolution.

Outlook 2007 with Office 365

Connect Outlook 2007 to an Office 365 mailbox via IMAP.

MS Access: RegExp in Queries

Using regular expressions in Access queries — step-by-step tutorial.

Win 10 Quick Launch Bar

Restore the classic Quick Launch toolbar in Windows 10.

Topic 8

Electrical Engineering & Standards

Protection ratings, protection classes and certification marks per IEC, EN and VDE standards — essential knowledge for procurement, planning and operation of electrical equipment.

IP Protection Ratings per IEC 60529

IP code structure, protection levels against dust and water, IP69K — tables and practical examples.

Protection Classes 1, 2, 3 (I/II/III)

Protective earth, double insulation, SELV — differences, symbols and typical equipment explained.

Certification Marks: GS, CE, VDE, ENEC

GS, CE, VDE, ENEC, UKCA, UL — meaning, differences and which mark applies to what.

CE Marking: EU Market Requirements

Which directives apply, when a Notified Body is required and what must be included in the DoC.

Consulting & Procurement

Technical questions or procurement requirements? Our B2B sales team is available for product enquiries, volume orders and project support.

Phone: +49 (0)7666 / 88499-0 · E-Mail: sales@industry-electronics.com

Look up technical terms: Glossary — all terms at a glance · · · · ·

Last updated: April 2026 · 30+ technical articles · 7 series · Lieske Elektronik · industry-electronics.com